From 6e547765098a73fdcb124a55017490802dc963cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Heatherm Huang <heathermhuang@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2026 20:04:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] fix: localize English UI strings

---
 .../components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue | 24 +++--
 .../account/OAuthAuthorizationFlow.vue        |  4 +-
 .../components/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue |  2 +-
 .../admin/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue      |  2 +-
 .../components/admin/channel/IntervalRow.vue  | 16 ++--
 .../admin/channel/PricingEntryCard.vue        | 58 ++++++------
 .../admin/channel/__tests__/types.spec.ts     | 10 +--
 .../src/components/admin/channel/types.ts     | 22 ++---
 .../components/auth/DingTalkOAuthSection.vue  |  2 +-
 .../components/auth/LoginAgreementPrompt.vue  | 42 ++++++---
 .../src/components/common/GroupOptionItem.vue |  5 +-
 frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts | 16 ++--
 frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts               | 49 +++++++++-
 frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts               | 49 +++++++++-
 frontend/src/views/admin/ChannelsView.vue     | 16 ++--
 frontend/src/views/admin/GroupsView.vue       | 56 +++++++-----
 frontend/src/views/admin/RiskControlView.vue  |  7 +-
 frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue     | 22 ++---
 .../ops/components/OpsDashboardHeader.vue     |  2 +-
 .../ops/components/OpsSystemLogTable.vue      | 90 +++++++++----------
 .../src/views/auth/DingTalkCallbackView.vue   |  2 +-
 frontend/src/views/auth/LoginView.vue         |  4 +-
 frontend/src/views/auth/RegisterView.vue      |  4 +-
 frontend/src/views/user/CustomPageView.vue    | 14 +--
 24 files changed, 322 insertions(+), 196 deletions(-)

diff --git a/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
index 4df73c5309..d6cf0d807b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/CreateAccountModal.vue
@@ -560,18 +560,18 @@
                   Google One
                 </span>
                 <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-                  个人账号，享受 Google One 订阅配额
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.googleOneDesc') }}
                 </span>
                 <div class="mt-2 flex flex-wrap gap-1">
                   <span
                     class="rounded bg-purple-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-semibold text-purple-700 dark:bg-purple-900/40 dark:text-purple-300"
                   >
-                    推荐个人用户
+                    {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.badges.individuals') }}
                   </span>
                   <span
                     class="rounded bg-emerald-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-semibold text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/40 dark:text-emerald-300"
                   >
-                    无需 GCP
+                    {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.badges.noGcp') }}
                   </span>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -603,10 +603,10 @@
                   GCP Code Assist
                 </span>
                 <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-                  企业级，需要 GCP 项目
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.codeAssistDesc') }}
                 </span>
                 <div class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-                  需要激活 GCP 项目并绑定信用卡
+                  {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.codeAssistRequirement') }}
                   <a
                     :href="geminiHelpLinks.gcpProject"
                     class="ml-1 text-blue-600 hover:underline dark:text-blue-400"
@@ -620,12 +620,12 @@
                   <span
                     class="rounded bg-blue-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-semibold text-blue-700 dark:bg-blue-900/40 dark:text-blue-300"
                   >
-                    企业用户
+                    {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.badges.enterprise') }}
                   </span>
                   <span
                     class="rounded bg-emerald-100 px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-semibold text-emerald-700 dark:bg-emerald-900/40 dark:text-emerald-300"
                   >
-                    高并发
+                    {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.badges.highConcurrency') }}
                   </span>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -648,7 +648,13 @@
               >
                 <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7" />
               </svg>
-              <span>{{ showAdvancedOAuth ? '隐藏' : '显示' }}高级选项（自建 OAuth Client）</span>
+              <span>
+                {{
+                  showAdvancedOAuth
+                    ? t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.hideAdvanced')
+                    : t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.showAdvanced')
+                }}
+              </span>
             </button>
           </div>
 
@@ -3072,7 +3078,7 @@
                 rel="noreferrer"
                 class="text-sm text-blue-600 hover:underline dark:text-blue-400"
               >
-                修改归属地
+                {{ t('admin.accounts.gemini.setupGuide.links.countryChange') }}
               </a>
               <span class="text-gray-400">·</span>
               <a
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/account/OAuthAuthorizationFlow.vue b/frontend/src/components/account/OAuthAuthorizationFlow.vue
index c80bbe7f26..a79fcbd3ca 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/OAuthAuthorizationFlow.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/OAuthAuthorizationFlow.vue
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
                 class="text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500"
               />
               <span class="text-sm text-blue-900 dark:text-blue-200">{{
-                t('admin.accounts.oauth.openai.mobileRefreshTokenAuth', '手动输入 Mobile RT')
+                t('admin.accounts.oauth.openai.mobileRefreshTokenAuth', 'Manual Mobile RT Input')
               }}</span>
             </label>
             <label v-if="showSessionTokenOption" class="flex cursor-pointer items-center gap-2">
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
                 class="text-blue-600 focus:ring-blue-500"
               />
               <span class="text-sm text-blue-900 dark:text-blue-200">{{
-                t('admin.accounts.oauth.openai.accessTokenAuth', '手动输入 AT')
+                t('admin.accounts.oauth.openai.accessTokenAuth', 'Manual AT Input')
               }}</span>
             </label>
             <label v-if="showCodexSessionImportOption" class="flex cursor-pointer items-center gap-2">
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue
index c9c6d2db17..dd1ed6116d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
             <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
               {{
                 geminiOAuthType === 'google_one'
-                  ? '个人账号'
+                  ? t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.googleOneDesc')
                   : geminiOAuthType === 'code_assist'
                     ? t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.builtInDesc')
                     : t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.customDesc')
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/admin/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue b/frontend/src/components/admin/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue
index 1e5d8fb8cf..9db44acf68 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/account/ReAuthAccountModal.vue
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
             <span class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
               {{
                 geminiOAuthType === 'google_one'
-                  ? '个人账号'
+                  ? t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.googleOneDesc')
                   : geminiOAuthType === 'code_assist'
                     ? t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.builtInDesc')
                     : t('admin.accounts.gemini.oauthType.customDesc')
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/IntervalRow.vue b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/IntervalRow.vue
index 21dcc90d4c..d444358e50 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/IntervalRow.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/IntervalRow.vue
@@ -9,27 +9,27 @@
           type="number" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
       <div class="w-20">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">Max <span class="text-gray-300">(含)</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">Max <span class="text-gray-300">(inclusive)</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.max_tokens ?? ''" @input="emitField('max_tokens', toIntOrNull(($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value))"
           type="number" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" :placeholder="'∞'" />
       </div>
       <div class="flex-1">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.inputPrice', '输入') }} <span v-if="isEmpty" class="text-red-500">*</span> <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.inputPrice', 'Input') }} <span v-if="isEmpty" class="text-red-500">*</span> <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.input_price" @input="emitField('input_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
           type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
       <div class="flex-1">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.outputPrice', '输出') }} <span v-if="isEmpty" class="text-red-500">*</span> <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.outputPrice', 'Output') }} <span v-if="isEmpty" class="text-red-500">*</span> <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.output_price" @input="emitField('output_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
           type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
       <div class="flex-1">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheWritePrice', '缓存W') }} <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheWritePrice', 'Cache W') }} <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.cache_write_price" @input="emitField('cache_write_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
           type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
       <div class="flex-1">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheReadPrice', '缓存R') }} <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheReadPrice', 'Cache R') }} <span class="text-gray-300">$/M</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.cache_read_price" @input="emitField('cache_read_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
           type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     <template v-else>
       <div class="w-24">
         <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">
-          {{ mode === 'image' ? t('admin.channels.form.resolution', '分辨率') : t('admin.channels.form.tierLabel', '层级') }}
+          {{ mode === 'image' ? t('admin.channels.form.resolution', 'Resolution') : t('admin.channels.form.tierLabel', 'Tier') }}
         </label>
         <input :value="interval.tier_label" @input="emitField('tier_label', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
           type="text" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" :placeholder="mode === 'image' ? '1K / 2K / 4K' : ''" />
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@
           type="number" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
       <div class="w-20">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">Max <span class="text-gray-300">(含)</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">Max <span class="text-gray-300">(inclusive)</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.max_tokens ?? ''" @input="emitField('max_tokens', toIntOrNull(($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value))"
           type="number" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" :placeholder="'∞'" />
       </div>
       <div class="flex-1">
-        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.perRequestPrice', '单次价格') }} <span v-if="isEmpty" class="text-red-500">*</span> <span class="text-gray-300">$</span></label>
+        <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.perRequestPrice', 'Price per Request') }} <span v-if="isEmpty" class="text-red-500">*</span> <span class="text-gray-300">$</span></label>
         <input :value="interval.per_request_price" @input="emitField('per_request_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
           type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-xs" />
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/PricingEntryCard.vue b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/PricingEntryCard.vue
index e98853c333..3ebb471f5a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/PricingEntryCard.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/PricingEntryCard.vue
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
             v-if="entry.models.length === 0"
             class="text-xs italic text-gray-400"
           >
-            {{ t('admin.channels.form.noModels', '未添加模型') }}
+            {{ t('admin.channels.form.noModels', 'No models added') }}
           </span>
         </div>
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 
       <!-- Expanded: show the label "Pricing Entry" or similar -->
       <div v-else class="flex-1 text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-        {{ t('admin.channels.form.pricingEntry', '定价配置') }}
+        {{ t('admin.channels.form.pricingEntry', 'Pricing Entry') }}
       </div>
 
       <!-- Remove button (always visible, stop propagation) -->
@@ -71,19 +71,19 @@
         <div class="mt-3 flex items-start gap-2">
           <div class="flex-1">
             <label class="text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              {{ t('admin.channels.form.models', '模型列表') }} <span class="text-red-500">*</span>
+              {{ t('admin.channels.form.models', 'Models') }} <span class="text-red-500">*</span>
             </label>
             <ModelTagInput
               :models="entry.models"
               :platform="props.platform"
               @update:models="onModelsUpdate($event)"
-              :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.modelsPlaceholder', '输入模型名后按回车添加，支持通配符 *')"
+              :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.modelsPlaceholder', 'Type a model name and press Enter. Wildcard * is supported.')"
               class="mt-1"
             />
           </div>
           <div class="w-40">
             <label class="text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              {{ t('admin.channels.form.billingMode', '计费模式') }}
+              {{ t('admin.channels.form.billingMode', 'Billing Mode') }}
             </label>
             <Select
               :modelValue="entry.billing_mode"
@@ -98,34 +98,34 @@
         <div v-if="entry.billing_mode === 'token'">
           <!-- Default prices (fallback when no interval matches) -->
           <label class="mt-3 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-            {{ t('admin.channels.form.defaultPrices', '默认价格（未命中区间时使用）') }}
+            {{ t('admin.channels.form.defaultPrices', 'Default prices (fallback when no interval matches)') }}
             <span class="ml-1 font-normal text-gray-400">$/MTok</span>
           </label>
           <div class="mt-1 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 sm:grid-cols-5">
             <div>
-              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.inputPrice', '输入') }}</label>
+              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.inputPrice', 'Input') }}</label>
               <input :value="entry.input_price" @input="emitField('input_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
             </div>
             <div>
-              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.outputPrice', '输出') }}</label>
+              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.outputPrice', 'Output') }}</label>
               <input :value="entry.output_price" @input="emitField('output_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
             </div>
             <div>
-              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheWritePrice', '缓存写入') }}</label>
+              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheWritePrice', 'Cache Write') }}</label>
               <input :value="entry.cache_write_price" @input="emitField('cache_write_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
             </div>
             <div>
-              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheReadPrice', '缓存读取') }}</label>
+              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.cacheReadPrice', 'Cache Read') }}</label>
               <input :value="entry.cache_read_price" @input="emitField('cache_read_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
             </div>
             <div>
-              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.imageTokenPrice', '图片输出') }}</label>
+              <label class="text-xs text-gray-400">{{ t('admin.channels.form.imageTokenPrice', 'Image Output') }}</label>
               <input :value="entry.image_output_price" @input="emitField('image_output_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+                type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input mt-0.5 text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
             </div>
           </div>
 
@@ -133,11 +133,11 @@
           <div class="mt-3">
             <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
               <label class="text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-                {{ t('admin.channels.form.intervals', '上下文区间定价（可选）') }}
+                {{ t('admin.channels.form.intervals', 'Context intervals (optional)') }}
                 <span class="ml-1 font-normal text-gray-400">(min, max]</span>
               </label>
               <button type="button" @click="addInterval" class="text-xs text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-700">
-                + {{ t('admin.channels.form.addInterval', '添加区间') }}
+                + {{ t('admin.channels.form.addInterval', 'Add interval') }}
               </button>
             </div>
             <div v-if="entry.intervals && entry.intervals.length > 0" class="mt-2 space-y-2">
@@ -157,21 +157,21 @@
         <div v-else-if="entry.billing_mode === 'per_request'">
           <!-- Default per-request price -->
           <label class="mt-3 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-            {{ t('admin.channels.form.defaultPerRequestPrice', '默认单次价格（未命中层级时使用）') }}
+            {{ t('admin.channels.form.defaultPerRequestPrice', 'Default per-request price (fallback when no tier matches)') }}
             <span class="ml-1 font-normal text-gray-400">$</span>
           </label>
           <div class="mt-1 w-48">
             <input :value="entry.per_request_price" @input="emitField('per_request_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-              type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+              type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
           </div>
 
           <!-- Tiers -->
           <div class="mt-3 flex items-center justify-between">
             <label class="text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              {{ t('admin.channels.form.requestTiers', '按次计费层级') }}
+              {{ t('admin.channels.form.requestTiers', 'Request Tiers') }}
             </label>
             <button type="button" @click="addInterval" class="text-xs text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-700">
-              + {{ t('admin.channels.form.addTier', '添加层级') }}
+              + {{ t('admin.channels.form.addTier', 'Add tier') }}
             </button>
           </div>
           <div v-if="entry.intervals && entry.intervals.length > 0" class="mt-2 space-y-2">
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
             />
           </div>
           <div v-else class="mt-2 rounded border border-dashed border-gray-300 p-3 text-center text-xs text-gray-400 dark:border-dark-500">
-            {{ t('admin.channels.form.noTiersYet', '暂无层级，点击添加配置按次计费价格') }}
+            {{ t('admin.channels.form.noTiersYet', 'No tiers yet. Click add to configure per-request pricing.') }}
           </div>
         </div>
 
@@ -193,21 +193,21 @@
         <div v-else-if="entry.billing_mode === 'image'">
           <!-- Default image price (per-request, same as per_request mode) -->
           <label class="mt-3 block text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-            {{ t('admin.channels.form.defaultImagePrice', '默认图片价格（未命中层级时使用）') }}
+            {{ t('admin.channels.form.defaultImagePrice', 'Default image price (fallback when no tier matches)') }}
             <span class="ml-1 font-normal text-gray-400">$</span>
           </label>
           <div class="mt-1 w-48">
             <input :value="entry.per_request_price" @input="emitField('per_request_price', ($event.target as HTMLInputElement).value)"
-              type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', '默认')" />
+              type="number" step="any" min="0" class="input text-sm" :placeholder="t('admin.channels.form.pricePlaceholder', 'Default')" />
           </div>
 
           <!-- Image tiers -->
           <div class="mt-3 flex items-center justify-between">
             <label class="text-xs font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-              {{ t('admin.channels.form.imageTiers', '图片计费层级（按次）') }}
+              {{ t('admin.channels.form.imageTiers', 'Image tiers (per request)') }}
             </label>
             <button type="button" @click="addImageTier" class="text-xs text-primary-600 hover:text-primary-700">
-              + {{ t('admin.channels.form.addTier', '添加层级') }}
+              + {{ t('admin.channels.form.addTier', 'Add tier') }}
             </button>
           </div>
           <div v-if="entry.intervals && entry.intervals.length > 0" class="mt-2 space-y-2">
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ const collapsed = ref(props.entry.models.length > 0)
 
 const billingModeOptions = computed(() => [
   { value: 'token', label: 'Token' },
-  { value: 'per_request', label: t('admin.channels.billingMode.perRequest', '按次') },
-  { value: 'image', label: t('admin.channels.billingMode.image', '图片（按次）') }
+  { value: 'per_request', label: t('admin.channels.billingMode.perRequest', 'Per Request') },
+  { value: 'image', label: t('admin.channels.billingMode.image', 'Image (per request)') }
 ])
 
 const billingModeLabel = computed(() => {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/__tests__/types.spec.ts b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/__tests__/types.spec.ts
index 9fd8e066e0..6594baa73f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/__tests__/types.spec.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/__tests__/types.spec.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe('validateIntervals', () => {
         makeInterval({ min_tokens: 0, max_tokens: null, input_price: 1, output_price: 1 }),
         makeInterval({ min_tokens: 200000, max_tokens: 500000, input_price: 2, output_price: 2 }),
       ]
-      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'token')).toMatch(/无上限/)
+      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'token')).toMatch(/unbounded interval/)
     })
 
     it('accepts unbounded interval at the end', () => {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe('validateIntervals', () => {
         makeInterval({ min_tokens: 0, max_tokens: 250000, input_price: 1, output_price: 1 }),
         makeInterval({ min_tokens: 200000, max_tokens: 500000, input_price: 2, output_price: 2 }),
       ]
-      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'token')).toMatch(/重叠/)
+      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'token')).toMatch(/overlap/)
     })
 
     it('defaults mode to token when omitted', () => {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe('validateIntervals', () => {
         makeInterval({ min_tokens: 0, max_tokens: null, input_price: 1, output_price: 1 }),
         makeInterval({ min_tokens: 100, max_tokens: 200, input_price: 2, output_price: 2 }),
       ]
-      expect(validateIntervals(intervals)).toMatch(/无上限/)
+      expect(validateIntervals(intervals)).toMatch(/unbounded interval/)
     })
   })
 
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ describe('validateIntervals', () => {
       const intervals: IntervalFormEntry[] = [
         makeInterval({ tier_label: '1K', per_request_price: -1 }),
       ]
-      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'image')).toMatch(/不能为负数/)
+      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'image')).toMatch(/cannot be negative/)
     })
 
     it('still rejects max <= min on a single tier', () => {
       const intervals: IntervalFormEntry[] = [
         makeInterval({ tier_label: '1K', min_tokens: 100, max_tokens: 50, per_request_price: 0.04 }),
       ]
-      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'image')).toMatch(/必须大于/)
+      expect(validateIntervals(intervals, 'image')).toMatch(/must be greater/)
     })
   })
 })
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/types.ts b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/types.ts
index dd9dcd1a52..053279a7bb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/components/admin/channel/types.ts
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ export function validateIntervals(
 
 function validateSingleInterval(iv: IntervalFormEntry, idx: number): string | null {
   if (iv.min_tokens < 0) {
-    return `区间 #${idx + 1}: 最小 token 数 (${iv.min_tokens}) 不能为负数`
+    return `Interval #${idx + 1}: minimum token count (${iv.min_tokens}) cannot be negative`
   }
   if (iv.max_tokens != null) {
     if (iv.max_tokens <= 0) {
-      return `区间 #${idx + 1}: 最大 token 数 (${iv.max_tokens}) 必须大于 0`
+      return `Interval #${idx + 1}: maximum token count (${iv.max_tokens}) must be greater than 0`
     }
     if (iv.max_tokens <= iv.min_tokens) {
-      return `区间 #${idx + 1}: 最大 token 数 (${iv.max_tokens}) 必须大于最小 token 数 (${iv.min_tokens})`
+      return `Interval #${idx + 1}: maximum token count (${iv.max_tokens}) must be greater than minimum token count (${iv.min_tokens})`
     }
   }
   return validateIntervalPrices(iv, idx)
@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@ function validateSingleInterval(iv: IntervalFormEntry, idx: number): string | nu
 
 function validateIntervalPrices(iv: IntervalFormEntry, idx: number): string | null {
   const prices: [string, number | string | null][] = [
-    ['输入价格', iv.input_price],
-    ['输出价格', iv.output_price],
-    ['缓存写入价格', iv.cache_write_price],
-    ['缓存读取价格', iv.cache_read_price],
-    ['单次价格', iv.per_request_price],
+    ['input price', iv.input_price],
+    ['output price', iv.output_price],
+    ['cache write price', iv.cache_write_price],
+    ['cache read price', iv.cache_read_price],
+    ['per-request price', iv.per_request_price],
   ]
   for (const [name, val] of prices) {
     if (val != null && val !== '' && Number(val) < 0) {
-      return `区间 #${idx + 1}: ${name}不能为负数`
+      return `Interval #${idx + 1}: ${name} cannot be negative`
     }
   }
   return null
@@ -176,14 +176,14 @@ function checkIntervalOverlap(sorted: IntervalFormEntry[]): string | null {
   for (let i = 0; i < sorted.length; i++) {
     // 无上限区间必须是最后一个
     if (sorted[i].max_tokens == null && i < sorted.length - 1) {
-      return `区间 #${i + 1}: 无上限区间（最大 token 数为空）只能是最后一个`
+      return `Interval #${i + 1}: an unbounded interval (empty maximum token count) must be last`
     }
     if (i === 0) continue
     const prev = sorted[i - 1]
     // (min, max] 语义：前一个区间上界 > 当前区间下界则重叠
     if (prev.max_tokens == null || prev.max_tokens > sorted[i].min_tokens) {
       const prevMax = prev.max_tokens == null ? '∞' : String(prev.max_tokens)
-      return `区间 #${i} 和 #${i + 1} 重叠：前一个区间上界 (${prevMax}) 大于当前区间下界 (${sorted[i].min_tokens})`
+      return `Intervals #${i} and #${i + 1} overlap: previous upper bound (${prevMax}) is greater than current lower bound (${sorted[i].min_tokens})`
     }
   }
   return null
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/auth/DingTalkOAuthSection.vue b/frontend/src/components/auth/DingTalkOAuthSection.vue
index 9003225d78..55b919e659 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/auth/DingTalkOAuthSection.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/auth/DingTalkOAuthSection.vue
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
           font-weight="bold"
           fill="white"
           text-anchor="middle"
-        >钉</text>
+        >D</text>
       </svg>
       {{ t('auth.dingtalk.signIn') }}
     </button>
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/auth/LoginAgreementPrompt.vue b/frontend/src/components/auth/LoginAgreementPrompt.vue
index dd71cbdcbc..f73a3b1c4c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/auth/LoginAgreementPrompt.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/auth/LoginAgreementPrompt.vue
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
             for="login-agreement-consent"
             class="cursor-pointer text-gray-700 dark:text-dark-200"
           >
-            我已阅读并同意
+            {{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.checkboxPrefix') }}
           </label>
           <template v-for="(doc, index) in documents" :key="doc.id || doc.title">
             <RouterLink
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
             >
               {{ doc.title }}
             </RouterLink>
-            <span v-if="index < documents.length - 1">、</span>
+            <span v-if="index < documents.length - 1">{{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.documentSeparator') }}</span>
           </template>
         </p>
       </div>
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@
     <div class="flex items-start gap-3">
       <Icon name="shield" size="sm" class="mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 text-primary-600 dark:text-primary-300" />
       <div class="min-w-0 flex-1">
-        <p class="font-medium">继续登录前需要先同意最新条款。</p>
+        <p class="font-medium">{{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.noticeTitle') }}</p>
         <p class="mt-1 text-primary-700 dark:text-primary-200/80">
-          未同意前，账号密码输入和快捷登录会保持禁用。
+          {{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.noticeDescription') }}
         </p>
       </div>
       <button
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
         class="flex-shrink-0 rounded-md bg-primary-600 px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-medium text-white transition hover:bg-primary-700"
         @click="emit('open')"
       >
-        查看条款
+        {{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.viewTerms') }}
       </button>
     </div>
   </div>
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
               <div class="min-w-0 flex-1">
                 <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2">
                   <h2 class="text-xl font-bold tracking-normal text-gray-950 dark:text-white">
-                    条款更新通知
+                    {{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.dialogTitle') }}
                   </h2>
                   <span
                     v-if="updatedAt"
@@ -82,7 +82,11 @@
                   </span>
                 </div>
                 <p class="mt-2 text-sm leading-6 text-gray-600 dark:text-dark-300">
-                  我们的服务条款已于 {{ updatedAt || '近期' }} 更新。在继续使用服务之前，请仔细阅读并同意以下条款。
+                  {{
+                    t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.dialogDescription', {
+                      date: updatedAt || t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.recently'),
+                    })
+                  }}
                 </p>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@
 
           <div class="max-h-[58vh] overflow-y-auto px-6 py-5">
             <div class="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between gap-3">
-              <p class="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">相关文档</p>
+              <p class="text-sm font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">{{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.relatedDocuments') }}</p>
             </div>
             <div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 sm:grid-cols-2">
               <RouterLink
@@ -121,14 +125,14 @@
                 class="rounded-xl border border-gray-200 bg-white px-4 py-3 text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 transition hover:bg-gray-100 dark:border-dark-700 dark:bg-dark-800 dark:text-dark-200 dark:hover:bg-dark-700"
                 @click="emit('reject')"
               >
-                拒绝
+                {{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.reject') }}
               </button>
               <button
                 type="button"
                 class="rounded-xl bg-primary-600 px-4 py-3 text-sm font-semibold text-white shadow-sm shadow-primary-600/20 transition hover:bg-primary-700"
                 @click="emit('accept')"
               >
-                同意并继续
+                {{ t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.accept') }}
               </button>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -140,9 +144,12 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import Icon from '@/components/icons/Icon.vue'
 import type { LoginAgreementDocument } from '@/types'
 
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
   accepted: boolean
   documents: LoginAgreementDocument[]
@@ -184,10 +191,21 @@ function handleCheckboxChange(event: Event): void {
 }
 
 function documentIcon(index: number, title: string): 'document' | 'shield' | 'globe' | 'cog' {
-  if (title.includes('政策') || title.includes('隐私')) {
+  const normalizedTitle = title.toLowerCase()
+  if (
+    normalizedTitle.includes('policy') ||
+    normalizedTitle.includes('privacy') ||
+    title.includes('政策') ||
+    title.includes('隐私')
+  ) {
     return 'shield'
   }
-  if (title.includes('国家') || title.includes('地区')) {
+  if (
+    normalizedTitle.includes('country') ||
+    normalizedTitle.includes('region') ||
+    title.includes('国家') ||
+    title.includes('地区')
+  ) {
     return 'globe'
   }
   if (index === 3) {
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/common/GroupOptionItem.vue b/frontend/src/components/common/GroupOptionItem.vue
index 28b5d6e3e8..a46b4117df 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/common/GroupOptionItem.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/components/common/GroupOptionItem.vue
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
           <span class="font-bold">{{ userRateMultiplier }}x</span>
         </template>
         <template v-else>
-          {{ rateMultiplier }}x 倍率
+          {{ rateMultiplier }}x {{ t('admin.groups.rateLabel') }}
         </template>
       </span>
       <!-- Checkmark -->
@@ -51,9 +51,12 @@
 
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { computed } from 'vue'
+import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n'
 import GroupBadge from './GroupBadge.vue'
 import type { SubscriptionType, GroupPlatform } from '@/types'
 
+const { t } = useI18n()
+
 interface Props {
   name: string
   platform: GroupPlatform
diff --git a/frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts b/frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts
index 3076629be1..c7e60a514e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/composables/useModelWhitelist.ts
@@ -303,16 +303,16 @@ const antigravityPresetMappings = [
   { label: '3-Pro-Preview→3.1-Pro-High', from: 'gemini-3-pro-preview', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-high', color: 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-700 hover:bg-amber-200 dark:bg-amber-900/30 dark:text-amber-400' },
   { label: '3-Pro-High→3.1-Pro-High', from: 'gemini-3-pro-high', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-high', color: 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-700 hover:bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-900/30 dark:text-orange-400' },
   { label: '3-Pro-Low→3.1-Pro-Low', from: 'gemini-3-pro-low', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-low', color: 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 hover:bg-yellow-200 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400' },
-  { label: '3.1-Pro-High透传', from: 'gemini-3.1-pro-high', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-high', color: 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-700 hover:bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-900/30 dark:text-orange-400' },
-  { label: '3.1-Pro-Low透传', from: 'gemini-3.1-pro-low', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-low', color: 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 hover:bg-yellow-200 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400' },
+  { label: '3.1-Pro-High passthrough', from: 'gemini-3.1-pro-high', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-high', color: 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-700 hover:bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-900/30 dark:text-orange-400' },
+  { label: '3.1-Pro-Low passthrough', from: 'gemini-3.1-pro-low', to: 'gemini-3.1-pro-low', color: 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 hover:bg-yellow-200 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400' },
   // Gemini 通配符映射
   { label: 'Gemini 3→Flash', from: 'gemini-3*', to: 'gemini-3-flash', color: 'bg-yellow-100 text-yellow-700 hover:bg-yellow-200 dark:bg-yellow-900/30 dark:text-yellow-400' },
   { label: 'Gemini 2.5→Flash', from: 'gemini-2.5*', to: 'gemini-2.5-flash', color: 'bg-orange-100 text-orange-700 hover:bg-orange-200 dark:bg-orange-900/30 dark:text-orange-400' },
-  { label: '2.5-Flash-Image透传', from: 'gemini-2.5-flash-image', to: 'gemini-2.5-flash-image', color: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700 hover:bg-sky-200 dark:bg-sky-900/30 dark:text-sky-400' },
-  { label: '3.1-Flash-Image透传', from: 'gemini-3.1-flash-image', to: 'gemini-3.1-flash-image', color: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700 hover:bg-sky-200 dark:bg-sky-900/30 dark:text-sky-400' },
+  { label: '2.5-Flash-Image passthrough', from: 'gemini-2.5-flash-image', to: 'gemini-2.5-flash-image', color: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700 hover:bg-sky-200 dark:bg-sky-900/30 dark:text-sky-400' },
+  { label: '3.1-Flash-Image passthrough', from: 'gemini-3.1-flash-image', to: 'gemini-3.1-flash-image', color: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700 hover:bg-sky-200 dark:bg-sky-900/30 dark:text-sky-400' },
   { label: '3-Pro-Image→3.1', from: 'gemini-3-pro-image', to: 'gemini-3.1-flash-image', color: 'bg-sky-100 text-sky-700 hover:bg-sky-200 dark:bg-sky-900/30 dark:text-sky-400' },
-  { label: '3-Flash透传', from: 'gemini-3-flash', to: 'gemini-3-flash', color: 'bg-lime-100 text-lime-700 hover:bg-lime-200 dark:bg-lime-900/30 dark:text-lime-400' },
-  { label: '2.5-Flash-Lite透传', from: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite', to: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite', color: 'bg-green-100 text-green-700 hover:bg-green-200 dark:bg-green-900/30 dark:text-green-400' },
+  { label: '3-Flash passthrough', from: 'gemini-3-flash', to: 'gemini-3-flash', color: 'bg-lime-100 text-lime-700 hover:bg-lime-200 dark:bg-lime-900/30 dark:text-lime-400' },
+  { label: '2.5-Flash-Lite passthrough', from: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite', to: 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite', color: 'bg-green-100 text-green-700 hover:bg-green-200 dark:bg-green-900/30 dark:text-green-400' },
   // 精确映射
   { label: 'Sonnet 4.6', from: 'claude-sonnet-4-6', to: 'claude-sonnet-4-6', color: 'bg-cyan-100 text-cyan-700 hover:bg-cyan-200 dark:bg-cyan-900/30 dark:text-cyan-400' },
   { label: 'Sonnet 4.5', from: 'claude-sonnet-4-5', to: 'claude-sonnet-4-5', color: 'bg-cyan-100 text-cyan-700 hover:bg-cyan-200 dark:bg-cyan-900/30 dark:text-cyan-400' },
@@ -483,12 +483,12 @@ export function buildModelMappingObject(
       if (!from || !to) continue
       // 校验通配符格式：* 只能放在末尾
       if (!isValidWildcardPattern(from)) {
-        console.warn(`[buildModelMappingObject] 无效的通配符格式，跳过: ${from}`)
+        console.warn(`[buildModelMappingObject] Invalid wildcard pattern, skipped: ${from}`)
         continue
       }
       // to 不允许包含通配符
       if (to.includes('*')) {
-        console.warn(`[buildModelMappingObject] 目标模型不能包含通配符，跳过: ${from} -> ${to}`)
+        console.warn(`[buildModelMappingObject] Target model cannot contain a wildcard, skipped: ${from} -> ${to}`)
         continue
       }
       mapping[from] = to
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
index 34f5e891c8..92acf56def 100644
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -369,7 +369,24 @@ export default {
     updatedAt: 'Updated: {date}',
     empty: 'No content',
     loginAgreement: 'Login Agreement',
-    adminCompliance: 'Deployment and Operation Compliance Commitment'
+    adminCompliance: 'Deployment and Operation Compliance Commitment',
+    loginAgreementPrompt: {
+      checkboxPrefix: 'I have read and agree to ',
+      documentSeparator: ', ',
+      noticeTitle: 'Accept the latest terms before continuing.',
+      noticeDescription: 'Account/password login and quick sign-in stay disabled until you accept.',
+      viewTerms: 'View terms',
+      dialogTitle: 'Terms Update Notice',
+      dialogDescription: 'Our service terms were updated on {date}. Please read and accept the following terms before continuing.',
+      recently: 'recently',
+      relatedDocuments: 'Related documents',
+      reject: 'Reject',
+      accept: 'Accept and continue',
+      loginRejectedWarning: 'Account/password login and quick sign-in are disabled until you accept the latest terms.',
+      loginRequiredWarning: 'Please read and accept the latest terms before logging in.',
+      registerRejectedWarning: 'Registration and quick sign-in are disabled until you accept the latest terms.',
+      registerRequiredWarning: 'Please read and accept the latest terms before registering.'
+    }
   },
 
   // Navigation
@@ -587,6 +604,7 @@ export default {
     },
     linuxdoCallbackPageTitle: 'LinuxDo Sign-In Callback',
     dingtalkCallbackPageTitle: 'DingTalk Sign-In Callback',
+    dingtalkProviderName: 'DingTalk',
     oidcCallbackPageTitle: 'OIDC Sign-In Callback',
     oauthCallbackPageTitle: 'OAuth Callback',
     wechatProviderName: 'WeChat',
@@ -2151,6 +2169,15 @@ export default {
       accountsUnit: '',
       rateAndAccounts: '{rate}x rate · {count} accounts',
       accountsCount: '{count} accounts',
+      rateLabel: 'rate',
+      accountFilters: {
+        title: 'Account Filter Controls',
+        oauthOnly: 'Only allow OAuth accounts',
+        oauthOnlyEnabled: 'Enabled — API Key accounts will be excluded',
+        privacySetOnly: 'Only allow accounts with privacy protection set',
+        privacySetOnlyEnabled: 'Enabled — accounts with unset Privacy will be excluded',
+        disabled: 'Disabled'
+      },
       form: {
         name: 'Name',
         description: 'Description',
@@ -2256,7 +2283,10 @@ export default {
         title: 'Custom /v1/models Model List',
         hint: 'Only changes the /v1/models response. Whitelist model calls and account routing are unchanged.',
         loading: 'Loading model list...',
-        empty: 'No displayable models'
+        empty: 'No displayable models',
+        selectedSummary: 'Selected {selected} / {total}',
+        selectAll: 'Select all',
+        invertSelection: 'Invert'
       },
       claudeCode: {
         title: 'Claude Code Client Restriction',
@@ -2631,6 +2661,7 @@ export default {
       queueSize: 'Async Queue Size',
       blockStatus: 'Block HTTP Status',
       blockMessage: 'Custom Block Message',
+      defaultBlockMessage: 'Content audit matched a risk rule. Please adjust your input and try again.',
       emailOnHit: 'Email on Hit',
       emailOnHitHint: 'When enabled, send a risk-control email on every hit; auto-ban notices are always sent.',
       autoBan: 'Auto Ban User',
@@ -3987,6 +4018,11 @@ export default {
           builtInTitle: 'Built-in OAuth (Gemini CLI / Code Assist)',
           builtInDesc: 'Uses Google built-in client ID. No admin configuration required.',
           builtInRequirement: 'Requires a GCP project and Project ID.',
+          googleOneDesc: 'Personal account with Google One subscription quota',
+          codeAssistDesc: 'Enterprise-grade, requires a GCP project',
+          codeAssistRequirement: 'Requires an active GCP project with billing enabled',
+          showAdvanced: 'Show advanced options (custom OAuth Client)',
+          hideAdvanced: 'Hide advanced options (custom OAuth Client)',
           gcpProjectLink: 'Create project',
           customTitle: 'Custom OAuth (AI Studio OAuth)',
           customDesc: 'Uses admin-configured OAuth client for org management.',
@@ -3994,6 +4030,9 @@ export default {
           badges: {
             recommended: 'Recommended',
             highConcurrency: 'High concurrency',
+            individuals: 'Recommended for individuals',
+            noGcp: 'No GCP required',
+            enterprise: 'Enterprise users',
             noAdmin: 'No admin setup',
             orgManaged: 'Org managed',
             adminRequired: 'Admin required'
@@ -4013,6 +4052,7 @@ export default {
           },
           links: {
             countryCheck: 'Check country association',
+            countryChange: 'Change country association',
             geminiWebActivation: 'Activate Gemini Web',
             gcpProject: 'Open GCP Console'
           }
@@ -4757,6 +4797,7 @@ export default {
       noData: 'No data.',
       loadingText: 'loading',
       ready: 'ready',
+      autoRefreshRemaining: 'Remaining {seconds}s',
       requestsTotal: 'Requests (total)',
       slaScope: 'SLA scope:',
       tokens: 'Tokens',
@@ -6778,6 +6819,10 @@ export default {
     notFoundDesc: 'This custom page does not exist or has been removed.',
     notConfiguredTitle: 'Page URL not configured',
     notConfiguredDesc: 'The URL for this custom page has not been properly configured.',
+    tableOfContents: 'Contents',
+    copyCode: 'Copy',
+    copiedCode: 'Copied',
+    copyCodeFailed: 'Failed'
   },
 
   // Announcements Page
diff --git a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
index cf51d588d9..d96ccbceed 100644
--- a/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.ts
@@ -369,7 +369,24 @@ export default {
     updatedAt: '更新日期：{date}',
     empty: '暂无正文内容',
     loginAgreement: '登录条款',
-    adminCompliance: '部署与运营合规承诺'
+    adminCompliance: '部署与运营合规承诺',
+    loginAgreementPrompt: {
+      checkboxPrefix: '我已阅读并同意',
+      documentSeparator: '、',
+      noticeTitle: '继续登录前需要先同意最新条款。',
+      noticeDescription: '未同意前，账号密码输入和快捷登录会保持禁用。',
+      viewTerms: '查看条款',
+      dialogTitle: '条款更新通知',
+      dialogDescription: '我们的服务条款已于 {date} 更新。在继续使用服务之前，请仔细阅读并同意以下条款。',
+      recently: '近期',
+      relatedDocuments: '相关文档',
+      reject: '拒绝',
+      accept: '同意并继续',
+      loginRejectedWarning: '未同意最新条款前，无法输入账号密码或使用快捷登录。',
+      loginRequiredWarning: '请先阅读并同意最新条款后再登录。',
+      registerRejectedWarning: '未同意最新条款前，无法注册或使用快捷登录。',
+      registerRequiredWarning: '请先阅读并同意最新条款后再注册。'
+    }
   },
 
   // Navigation
@@ -585,6 +602,7 @@ export default {
     },
     linuxdoCallbackPageTitle: 'LinuxDo 登录回调',
     dingtalkCallbackPageTitle: '钉钉登录回调',
+    dingtalkProviderName: '钉钉',
     oidcCallbackPageTitle: 'OIDC 登录回调',
     oauthCallbackPageTitle: 'OAuth 回调',
     wechatProviderName: '微信',
@@ -2267,6 +2285,15 @@ export default {
       public: '公开',
       rateAndAccounts: '{rate}x 费率 · {count} 个账号',
       accountsCount: '{count} 个账号',
+      rateLabel: '倍率',
+      accountFilters: {
+        title: '账号过滤控制',
+        oauthOnly: '仅允许 OAuth 账号',
+        oauthOnlyEnabled: '已启用 — 排除 API Key 类型账号',
+        privacySetOnly: '仅允许隐私保护已设置的账号',
+        privacySetOnlyEnabled: '已启用 — Privacy 未设置的账号将被排除',
+        disabled: '未启用'
+      },
       enterGroupName: '请输入分组名称',
       optionalDescription: '可选描述',
       platformHint: '选择此分组关联的平台',
@@ -2338,7 +2365,10 @@ export default {
         title: '自定义 /v1/models 模型列表',
         hint: '仅影响 /v1/models 展示结果，不影响白名单模型调用和账号调度。',
         loading: '正在加载模型列表...',
-        empty: '暂无可展示模型'
+        empty: '暂无可展示模型',
+        selectedSummary: '已选 {selected} / {total}',
+        selectAll: '全选',
+        invertSelection: '反选'
       },
       claudeCode: {
         title: 'Claude Code 客户端限制',
@@ -2707,6 +2737,7 @@ export default {
       queueSize: '异步队列大小',
       blockStatus: '拦截 HTTP 状态码',
       blockMessage: '自定义拦截提示',
+      defaultBlockMessage: '内容审计命中风险规则，请调整输入后重试',
       emailOnHit: '命中后发送邮件',
       emailOnHitHint: '开启后每次达到阈值都会向用户发送风控提醒邮件；自动封禁通知始终发送。',
       autoBan: '自动封禁用户',
@@ -4139,6 +4170,11 @@ export default {
           builtInTitle: '内置授权（Gemini CLI / Code Assist）',
           builtInDesc: '使用 Google 内置客户端 ID，无需管理员配置。',
           builtInRequirement: '需要 GCP 项目并填写 Project ID。',
+          googleOneDesc: '个人账号，享受 Google One 订阅配额',
+          codeAssistDesc: '企业级，需要 GCP 项目',
+          codeAssistRequirement: '需要激活 GCP 项目并绑定信用卡',
+          showAdvanced: '显示高级选项（自建 OAuth Client）',
+          hideAdvanced: '隐藏高级选项（自建 OAuth Client）',
           gcpProjectLink: '创建项目',
           customTitle: '自定义授权（AI Studio OAuth）',
           customDesc: '使用管理员预设的 OAuth 客户端，适合组织管理。',
@@ -4146,6 +4182,9 @@ export default {
           badges: {
             recommended: '推荐',
             highConcurrency: '高并发',
+            individuals: '推荐个人用户',
+            noGcp: '无需 GCP',
+            enterprise: '企业用户',
             noAdmin: '无需管理员配置',
             orgManaged: '组织管理',
             adminRequired: '需要管理员'
@@ -4165,6 +4204,7 @@ export default {
           },
           links: {
             countryCheck: '检查归属地',
+            countryChange: '修改归属地',
             geminiWebActivation: '激活 Gemini Web',
             gcpProject: '打开 GCP 控制台'
           }
@@ -4911,6 +4951,7 @@ export default {
       noData: '暂无数据',
       loadingText: '加载中...',
       ready: '就绪',
+      autoRefreshRemaining: '剩余 {seconds}s',
       requestsTotal: '请求（总计）',
       slaScope: 'SLA 范围：',
       tokens: 'Token数',
@@ -6932,6 +6973,10 @@ export default {
     notFoundDesc: '该自定义页面不存在或已被删除。',
     notConfiguredTitle: '页面链接未配置',
     notConfiguredDesc: '该自定义页面的 URL 未正确配置。',
+    tableOfContents: '目录',
+    copyCode: '复制',
+    copiedCode: '已复制',
+    copyCodeFailed: '失败'
   },
 
   // Announcements Page
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/ChannelsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/ChannelsView.vue
index 18d9f458a5..bf4d54b835 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/ChannelsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/ChannelsView.vue
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
             class="channel-tab"
             :class="activeTab === 'basic' ? 'channel-tab-active' : 'channel-tab-inactive'"
           >
-            {{ t('admin.channels.form.basicSettings', '基础设置') }}
+            {{ t('admin.channels.form.basicSettings', 'Basic Settings') }}
           </button>
           <!-- Platform Tabs (only enabled) -->
           <button
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 
             <!-- Platform Management -->
             <div class="space-y-3">
-              <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.channels.form.platformConfig', '平台配置') }}</label>
+              <label class="input-label mb-0">{{ t('admin.channels.form.platformConfig', 'Platform Configuration') }}</label>
               <div class="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
                 <label
                   v-for="p in platformOrder"
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
               <label class="input-label text-xs">
                 {{ t('admin.channels.form.groups', 'Associated Groups') }} <span class="text-red-500">*</span>
                 <span v-if="section.group_ids.length > 0" class="ml-1 font-normal text-gray-400">
-                  ({{ t('admin.channels.form.selectedCount', { count: section.group_ids.length }, `已选 ${section.group_ids.length} 个`) }})
+                  ({{ t('admin.channels.form.selectedCount', { count: section.group_ids.length }, `${section.group_ids.length} selected`) }})
                 </span>
               </label>
               <div class="max-h-40 overflow-auto rounded-lg border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-2 dark:border-dark-600 dark:bg-dark-900">
@@ -1434,14 +1434,14 @@ async function handleSubmit() {
   for (const section of form.platforms.filter(s => s.enabled)) {
     if (section.group_ids.length === 0) {
       const platformLabel = t('admin.groups.platforms.' + section.platform, section.platform)
-      appStore.showError(t('admin.channels.noGroupsSelected', { platform: platformLabel }, `${platformLabel} 平台未选择分组，请至少选择一个分组或禁用该平台`))
+      appStore.showError(t('admin.channels.noGroupsSelected', { platform: platformLabel }, `${platformLabel} has no selected group. Select at least one group or disable this platform.`))
       activeTab.value = section.platform
       return
     }
     for (const entry of section.model_pricing) {
       if (entry.models.length === 0) {
         const platformLabel = t('admin.groups.platforms.' + section.platform, section.platform)
-        appStore.showError(t('admin.channels.emptyModelsInPricing', { platform: platformLabel }, `${platformLabel} 平台下有定价条目未添加模型，请添加模型或删除该条目`))
+        appStore.showError(t('admin.channels.emptyModelsInPricing', { platform: platformLabel }, `${platformLabel} has a pricing entry without models. Add models or remove the entry.`))
         activeTab.value = section.platform
         return
       }
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ async function handleSubmit() {
       appStore.showError(
         t('admin.channels.modelConflict',
           { model1: pricingConflict[0], model2: pricingConflict[1] },
-          `模型模式 '${pricingConflict[0]}' 和 '${pricingConflict[1]}' 冲突：匹配范围重叠`)
+          `Model patterns '${pricingConflict[0]}' and '${pricingConflict[1]}' conflict: overlapping match range.`)
       )
       activeTab.value = section.platform
       return
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ async function handleSubmit() {
         appStore.showError(
           t('admin.channels.mappingConflict',
             { model1: mappingConflict[0], model2: mappingConflict[1] },
-            `模型映射源 '${mappingConflict[0]}' 和 '${mappingConflict[1]}' 冲突：匹配范围重叠`)
+            `Mapping source patterns '${mappingConflict[0]}' and '${mappingConflict[1]}' conflict: overlapping match range.`)
         )
         activeTab.value = section.platform
         return
@@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ async function handleSubmit() {
       if ((entry.billing_mode === 'per_request' || entry.billing_mode === 'image') &&
           (entry.per_request_price == null || entry.per_request_price === '') &&
           (!entry.intervals || entry.intervals.length === 0)) {
-        appStore.showError(t('admin.channels.form.perRequestPriceRequired', '按次/图片计费模式必须设置默认价格或至少一个计费层级'))
+        appStore.showError(t('admin.channels.form.perRequestPriceRequired', 'Per-request price or billing tiers required for per-request/image billing mode'))
         return
       }
     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/GroupsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/GroupsView.vue
index 4fa1596eed..dcee3a3671 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/GroupsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/GroupsView.vue
@@ -683,8 +683,12 @@
               class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3 py-2 text-xs dark:border-dark-600 dark:bg-dark-800"
             >
               <span class="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-                已选 {{ createModelsListSelectedCount }} /
-                {{ createModelsListState.items.length }}
+                {{
+                  t("admin.groups.modelsList.selectedSummary", {
+                    selected: createModelsListSelectedCount,
+                    total: createModelsListState.items.length,
+                  })
+                }}
               </span>
               <div class="flex items-center gap-1.5">
                 <button
@@ -692,14 +696,14 @@
                   class="rounded px-2 py-1 font-medium text-primary-600 transition-colors hover:bg-primary-50 dark:text-primary-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-900/20"
                   @click="selectAllModelsListItems(createModelsListState)"
                 >
-                  全选
+                  {{ t("admin.groups.modelsList.selectAll") }}
                 </button>
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   class="rounded px-2 py-1 font-medium text-gray-600 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-dark-700"
                   @click="invertModelsListSelection(createModelsListState)"
                 >
-                  反选
+                  {{ t("admin.groups.modelsList.invertSelection") }}
                 </button>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -1297,20 +1301,20 @@
           class="border-t border-gray-200 dark:border-dark-400 pt-4 mt-4 space-y-4"
         >
           <h4 class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 mb-3">
-            账号过滤控制
+            {{ t("admin.groups.accountFilters.title") }}
           </h4>
 
           <!-- require_oauth_only toggle -->
           <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
             <div>
               <label class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
-                >仅允许 OAuth 账号</label
+                >{{ t("admin.groups.accountFilters.oauthOnly") }}</label
               >
               <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 mt-0.5">
                 {{
                   createForm.require_oauth_only
-                    ? "已启用 — 排除 API Key 类型账号"
-                    : "未启用"
+                    ? t("admin.groups.accountFilters.oauthOnlyEnabled")
+                    : t("admin.groups.accountFilters.disabled")
                 }}
               </p>
             </div>
@@ -1341,13 +1345,13 @@
           <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
             <div>
               <label class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
-                >仅允许隐私保护已设置的账号</label
+                >{{ t("admin.groups.accountFilters.privacySetOnly") }}</label
               >
               <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 mt-0.5">
                 {{
                   createForm.require_privacy_set
-                    ? "已启用 — Privacy 未设置的账号将被排除"
-                    : "未启用"
+                    ? t("admin.groups.accountFilters.privacySetOnlyEnabled")
+                    : t("admin.groups.accountFilters.disabled")
                 }}
               </p>
             </div>
@@ -1971,8 +1975,12 @@
               class="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 border-b border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 px-3 py-2 text-xs dark:border-dark-600 dark:bg-dark-800"
             >
               <span class="text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">
-                已选 {{ editModelsListSelectedCount }} /
-                {{ editModelsListState.items.length }}
+                {{
+                  t("admin.groups.modelsList.selectedSummary", {
+                    selected: editModelsListSelectedCount,
+                    total: editModelsListState.items.length,
+                  })
+                }}
               </span>
               <div class="flex items-center gap-1.5">
                 <button
@@ -1980,14 +1988,14 @@
                   class="rounded px-2 py-1 font-medium text-primary-600 transition-colors hover:bg-primary-50 dark:text-primary-400 dark:hover:bg-primary-900/20"
                   @click="selectAllModelsListItems(editModelsListState)"
                 >
-                  全选
+                  {{ t("admin.groups.modelsList.selectAll") }}
                 </button>
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   class="rounded px-2 py-1 font-medium text-gray-600 transition-colors hover:bg-gray-100 dark:text-gray-300 dark:hover:bg-dark-700"
                   @click="invertModelsListSelection(editModelsListState)"
                 >
-                  反选
+                  {{ t("admin.groups.modelsList.invertSelection") }}
                 </button>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -2581,20 +2589,20 @@
           class="border-t border-gray-200 dark:border-dark-400 pt-4 mt-4 space-y-4"
         >
           <h4 class="text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 mb-3">
-            账号过滤控制
+            {{ t("admin.groups.accountFilters.title") }}
           </h4>
 
           <!-- require_oauth_only toggle -->
           <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
             <div>
               <label class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
-                >仅允许 OAuth 账号</label
+                >{{ t("admin.groups.accountFilters.oauthOnly") }}</label
               >
               <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 mt-0.5">
                 {{
                   editForm.require_oauth_only
-                    ? "已启用 — 排除 API Key 类型账号"
-                    : "未启用"
+                    ? t("admin.groups.accountFilters.oauthOnlyEnabled")
+                    : t("admin.groups.accountFilters.disabled")
                 }}
               </p>
             </div>
@@ -2625,13 +2633,13 @@
           <div class="flex items-center justify-between">
             <div>
               <label class="text-sm text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400"
-                >仅允许隐私保护已设置的账号</label
+                >{{ t("admin.groups.accountFilters.privacySetOnly") }}</label
               >
               <p class="text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 mt-0.5">
                 {{
                   editForm.require_privacy_set
-                    ? "已启用 — Privacy 未设置的账号将被排除"
-                    : "未启用"
+                    ? t("admin.groups.accountFilters.privacySetOnlyEnabled")
+                    : t("admin.groups.accountFilters.disabled")
                 }}
               </p>
             </div>
@@ -3241,7 +3249,7 @@ const copyAccountsGroupOptions = computed(() => {
   );
   return eligibleGroups.map((g) => ({
     value: g.id,
-    label: `${g.name} (${g.account_count || 0} 个账号)`,
+    label: `${g.name} (${t("admin.groups.accountsCount", { count: g.account_count || 0 })})`,
   }));
 });
 
@@ -3256,7 +3264,7 @@ const copyAccountsGroupOptionsForEdit = computed(() => {
   );
   return eligibleGroups.map((g) => ({
     value: g.id,
-    label: `${g.name} (${g.account_count || 0} 个账号)`,
+    label: `${g.name} (${t("admin.groups.accountsCount", { count: g.account_count || 0 })})`,
   }));
 });
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/RiskControlView.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/RiskControlView.vue
index fbb33a2673..051b5ec987 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/RiskControlView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/RiskControlView.vue
@@ -1184,6 +1184,7 @@ const riskThresholdCategories = Object.keys(riskThresholdDefaults)
 
 const { t } = useI18n()
 const appStore = useAppStore()
+const defaultBlockMessage = () => t('admin.riskControl.defaultBlockMessage')
 
 const loading = ref(true)
 const saving = ref(false)
@@ -1230,7 +1231,7 @@ const configForm = reactive({
   worker_count: 4,
   queue_size: 32768,
   block_status: 403,
-  block_message: '内容审计命中风险规则，请调整输入后重试',
+  block_message: defaultBlockMessage(),
   email_on_hit: true,
   auto_ban_enabled: true,
   cyber_policy_exclude_from_ban_count: false,
@@ -1707,7 +1708,7 @@ function applyConfig(config: ContentModerationConfig) {
   configForm.worker_count = config.worker_count || 4
   configForm.queue_size = config.queue_size || 32768
   configForm.block_status = config.block_status || 403
-  configForm.block_message = config.block_message || '内容审计命中风险规则，请调整输入后重试'
+  configForm.block_message = config.block_message || defaultBlockMessage()
   configForm.email_on_hit = config.email_on_hit ?? true
   configForm.auto_ban_enabled = config.auto_ban_enabled ?? true
   configForm.cyber_policy_exclude_from_ban_count = config.cyber_policy_exclude_from_ban_count ?? false
@@ -1788,7 +1789,7 @@ async function saveConfig() {
       worker_count: Number(configForm.worker_count) || 4,
       queue_size: Number(configForm.queue_size) || 32768,
       block_status: Number(configForm.block_status) || 403,
-      block_message: configForm.block_message || '内容审计命中风险规则，请调整输入后重试',
+      block_message: configForm.block_message || defaultBlockMessage(),
       email_on_hit: configForm.email_on_hit,
       auto_ban_enabled: configForm.auto_ban_enabled,
       cyber_policy_exclude_from_ban_count: configForm.cyber_policy_exclude_from_ban_count,
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue
index 42d9af5fcc..6e848961ef 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/SettingsView.vue
@@ -2537,7 +2537,7 @@
                         <input
                           v-model="form.dingtalk_connect_sync_display_name_attr_name"
                           type="text"
-                          placeholder="钉钉姓名"
+                          :placeholder="localText('钉钉姓名', 'DingTalk Name')"
                           class="input text-sm flex-1 max-w-xs"
                         />
                       </div>
@@ -2583,7 +2583,7 @@
                         <input
                           v-model="form.dingtalk_connect_sync_corp_email_attr_name"
                           type="text"
-                          placeholder="钉钉企业邮箱"
+                          :placeholder="localText('钉钉企业邮箱', 'DingTalk Corporate Email')"
                           class="input text-sm flex-1 max-w-xs"
                         />
                       </div>
@@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@
                         <input
                           v-model="form.dingtalk_connect_sync_dept_attr_name"
                           type="text"
-                          placeholder="钉钉部门"
+                          :placeholder="localText('钉钉部门', 'DingTalk Department')"
                           class="input text-sm flex-1 max-w-xs"
                         />
                       </div>
@@ -7435,22 +7435,22 @@ function defaultLoginAgreementDocuments(): LoginAgreementDocument[] {
   return [
     {
       id: "terms",
-      title: "服务条款",
+      title: localText("服务条款", "Terms of Service"),
       content_md: "",
     },
     {
       id: "usage-policy",
-      title: "使用政策",
+      title: localText("使用政策", "Usage Policy"),
       content_md: "",
     },
     {
       id: "supported-regions",
-      title: "支持的国家和地区",
+      title: localText("支持的国家和地区", "Supported Countries and Regions"),
       content_md: "",
     },
     {
       id: "service-specific-terms",
-      title: "服务特定条款",
+      title: localText("服务特定条款", "Service-Specific Terms"),
       content_md: "",
     },
   ];
@@ -7989,9 +7989,9 @@ const form = reactive<SettingsForm>({
   dingtalk_connect_sync_corp_email_attr_key: "dingtalk_email",
   dingtalk_connect_sync_display_name_attr_key: "dingtalk_name",
   dingtalk_connect_sync_dept_attr_key: "dingtalk_department",
-  dingtalk_connect_sync_corp_email_attr_name: "钉钉企业邮箱",
-  dingtalk_connect_sync_display_name_attr_name: "钉钉姓名",
-  dingtalk_connect_sync_dept_attr_name: "钉钉部门",
+  dingtalk_connect_sync_corp_email_attr_name: localText("钉钉企业邮箱", "DingTalk Corporate Email"),
+  dingtalk_connect_sync_display_name_attr_name: localText("钉钉姓名", "DingTalk Name"),
+  dingtalk_connect_sync_dept_attr_name: localText("钉钉部门", "DingTalk Department"),
   wechat_connect_enabled: false,
   wechat_connect_app_id: "",
   wechat_connect_app_secret: "",
@@ -8148,7 +8148,7 @@ const authSourceDefaultsMeta = computed(() => [
   },
   {
     source: "dingtalk" as AuthSourceType,
-    title: "钉钉",
+    title: t("auth.dingtalkProviderName"),
     description: localText(
       "通过钉钉首次注册或首次绑定时应用。",
       "Applied on first signup or first bind through DingTalk.",
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsDashboardHeader.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsDashboardHeader.vue
index ea9954eeee..ab95cd306c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsDashboardHeader.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsDashboardHeader.vue
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ function handleToolbarRefresh() {
 
           <template v-if="props.autoRefreshEnabled && props.autoRefreshCountdown !== undefined">
             <span>·</span>
-            <span>剩余 {{ props.autoRefreshCountdown }}s</span>
+            <span>{{ t('admin.ops.autoRefreshRemaining', { seconds: props.autoRefreshCountdown }) }}</span>
           </template>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsSystemLogTable.vue b/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsSystemLogTable.vue
index e73785a642..b0a702a98f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsSystemLogTable.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/admin/ops/components/OpsSystemLogTable.vue
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ const timeRangeOptions = [
 ]
 
 const filterLevelOptions = [
-  { value: '', label: '全部' },
+  { value: '', label: 'All' },
   { value: 'debug', label: 'debug' },
   { value: 'info', label: 'info' },
   { value: 'warn', label: 'warn' },
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ const fetchLogs = async () => {
     total.value = res.total || 0
   } catch (err: any) {
     console.error('[OpsSystemLogTable] Failed to fetch logs', err)
-    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || '系统日志加载失败')
+    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || 'Failed to load system logs')
   } finally {
     loading.value = false
   }
@@ -246,17 +246,17 @@ const saveRuntimeConfig = async () => {
     runtimeConfig.caller = saved.caller
     runtimeConfig.stacktrace_level = saved.stacktrace_level
     runtimeConfig.retention_days = saved.retention_days
-    appStore.showSuccess('日志运行时配置已生效')
+    appStore.showSuccess('Runtime log configuration is active')
   } catch (err: any) {
     console.error('[OpsSystemLogTable] Failed to save runtime log config', err)
-    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || '保存日志配置失败')
+    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || 'Failed to save log configuration')
   } finally {
     runtimeSaving.value = false
   }
 }
 
 const resetRuntimeConfig = async () => {
-  const ok = window.confirm('确认回滚为启动配置（env/yaml）并立即生效？')
+  const ok = window.confirm('Reset to startup configuration (env/yaml) and apply immediately?')
   if (!ok) return
 
   runtimeSaving.value = true
@@ -269,18 +269,18 @@ const resetRuntimeConfig = async () => {
     runtimeConfig.caller = saved.caller
     runtimeConfig.stacktrace_level = saved.stacktrace_level
     runtimeConfig.retention_days = saved.retention_days
-    appStore.showSuccess('已回滚到启动日志配置')
+    appStore.showSuccess('Reset to startup log configuration')
     await fetchHealth()
   } catch (err: any) {
     console.error('[OpsSystemLogTable] Failed to reset runtime log config', err)
-    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || '回滚日志配置失败')
+    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || 'Failed to reset log configuration')
   } finally {
     runtimeSaving.value = false
   }
 }
 
 const cleanupCurrentFilter = async () => {
-  const ok = window.confirm('确认按当前筛选条件清理系统日志？该操作不可撤销。')
+  const ok = window.confirm('Clean up system logs matching the current filters? This cannot be undone.')
   if (!ok) return
   try {
     const payload = {
@@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ const cleanupCurrentFilter = async () => {
       q: filters.q.trim() || undefined
     }
     const res = await opsAPI.cleanupSystemLogs(payload)
-    appStore.showSuccess(`清理完成，删除 ${res.deleted || 0} 条日志`)
+    appStore.showSuccess(`Cleanup complete. Deleted ${res.deleted || 0} log entries.`)
     page.value = 1
     await Promise.all([fetchLogs(), fetchHealth()])
   } catch (err: any) {
     console.error('[OpsSystemLogTable] Failed to cleanup logs', err)
-    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || '清理系统日志失败')
+    appStore.showError(err?.response?.data?.detail || 'Failed to clean up system logs')
   }
 }
 
@@ -368,41 +368,41 @@ onMounted(async () => {
   <section class="rounded-2xl border border-gray-200 bg-white p-4 shadow-sm dark:border-dark-700 dark:bg-dark-900/60">
     <div class="mb-4 flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3">
       <div>
-        <h3 class="text-sm font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">系统日志</h3>
-        <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">默认按最新时间倒序，支持筛选搜索与按条件清理。</p>
+        <h3 class="text-sm font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">System Logs</h3>
+        <p class="mt-1 text-xs text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">Newest logs are shown first. Filter, search, and clean up by condition.</p>
       </div>
       <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 text-xs">
-        <span class="rounded-md bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 text-gray-700 dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-200">队列 {{ health.queue_depth }}/{{ health.queue_capacity }}</span>
-        <span class="rounded-md bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 text-gray-700 dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-200">写入 {{ health.written_count }}</span>
-        <span class="rounded-md bg-amber-100 px-2 py-1 text-amber-700 dark:bg-amber-900/30 dark:text-amber-300">丢弃 {{ health.dropped_count }}</span>
-        <span class="rounded-md bg-red-100 px-2 py-1 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/30 dark:text-red-300">失败 {{ health.write_failed_count }}</span>
+        <span class="rounded-md bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 text-gray-700 dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-200">Queue {{ health.queue_depth }}/{{ health.queue_capacity }}</span>
+        <span class="rounded-md bg-gray-100 px-2 py-1 text-gray-700 dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-200">Written {{ health.written_count }}</span>
+        <span class="rounded-md bg-amber-100 px-2 py-1 text-amber-700 dark:bg-amber-900/30 dark:text-amber-300">Dropped {{ health.dropped_count }}</span>
+        <span class="rounded-md bg-red-100 px-2 py-1 text-red-700 dark:bg-red-900/30 dark:text-red-300">Failed {{ health.write_failed_count }}</span>
       </div>
     </div>
 
     <div class="mb-4 rounded-xl border border-gray-200 bg-gray-50 p-3 dark:border-dark-700 dark:bg-dark-800/70">
       <div class="mb-2 flex items-center justify-between">
-        <div class="text-xs font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">运行时日志配置（实时生效）</div>
-        <span v-if="runtimeLoading" class="text-xs text-gray-500">加载中...</span>
+        <div class="text-xs font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200">Runtime Log Configuration (applies immediately)</div>
+        <span v-if="runtimeLoading" class="text-xs text-gray-500">Loading...</span>
       </div>
       <div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 md:grid-cols-2 xl:grid-cols-6">
         <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-          级别
+          Level
           <Select v-model="runtimeConfig.level" class="mt-1" :options="runtimeLevelOptions" />
         </label>
         <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-          堆栈阈值
+          Stacktrace threshold
           <Select v-model="runtimeConfig.stacktrace_level" class="mt-1" :options="stacktraceLevelOptions" />
         </label>
         <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-          采样初始
+          Sampling initial
           <input v-model.number="runtimeConfig.sampling_initial" type="number" min="1" class="input mt-1" />
         </label>
         <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-          采样后续
+          Sampling thereafter
           <input v-model.number="runtimeConfig.sampling_thereafter" type="number" min="1" class="input mt-1" />
         </label>
         <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-          保留天数
+          Retention days
           <input v-model.number="runtimeConfig.retention_days" type="number" min="1" max="3650" class="input mt-1" />
         </label>
         <div class="md:col-span-2 xl:col-span-6">
@@ -419,38 +419,38 @@ onMounted(async () => {
             </div>
             <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center gap-2 lg:justify-end">
               <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" :disabled="runtimeSaving" @click="saveRuntimeConfig">
-                {{ runtimeSaving ? '保存中...' : '保存并生效' }}
+                {{ runtimeSaving ? 'Saving...' : 'Save and apply' }}
               </button>
               <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" :disabled="runtimeSaving" @click="resetRuntimeConfig">
-                回滚默认值
+                Reset defaults
               </button>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>
       </div>
-      <p v-if="health.last_error" class="mt-2 text-xs text-red-600 dark:text-red-400">最近写入错误：{{ health.last_error }}</p>
+      <p v-if="health.last_error" class="mt-2 text-xs text-red-600 dark:text-red-400">Latest write error: {{ health.last_error }}</p>
     </div>
 
     <div class="mb-4 grid grid-cols-1 gap-3 md:grid-cols-5">
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        时间范围
+        Time range
         <Select v-model="filters.time_range" class="mt-1" :options="timeRangeOptions" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        开始时间（可选）
+        Start time (optional)
         <input v-model="filters.start_time" type="datetime-local" class="input mt-1" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        结束时间（可选）
+        End time (optional)
         <input v-model="filters.end_time" type="datetime-local" class="input mt-1" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        级别
+        Level
         <Select v-model="filters.level" class="mt-1" :options="filterLevelOptions" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        组件
-        <input v-model="filters.component" type="text" class="input mt-1" placeholder="如 http.access" />
+        Component
+        <input v-model="filters.component" type="text" class="input mt-1" placeholder="e.g. http.access" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
         request_id
@@ -473,36 +473,36 @@ onMounted(async () => {
         <input v-model="filters.account_id" type="text" class="input mt-1" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        平台
+        Platform
         <input v-model="filters.platform" type="text" class="input mt-1" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        模型
+        Model
         <input v-model="filters.model" type="text" class="input mt-1" />
       </label>
       <label class="text-xs text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
-        关键词
-        <input v-model="filters.q" type="text" class="input mt-1" placeholder="消息/request_id" />
+        Keyword
+        <input v-model="filters.q" type="text" class="input mt-1" placeholder="message/request_id" />
       </label>
     </div>
 
     <div class="mb-3 flex flex-wrap gap-2">
-      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @click="applyFilters">查询</button>
-      <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" @click="resetFilters">重置</button>
-      <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" @click="cleanupCurrentFilter">按当前筛选清理</button>
-      <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" @click="fetchHealth">刷新健康指标</button>
+      <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" @click="applyFilters">Search</button>
+      <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" @click="resetFilters">Reset</button>
+      <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" @click="cleanupCurrentFilter">Clean current filters</button>
+      <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" @click="fetchHealth">Refresh health</button>
     </div>
 
     <div class="overflow-hidden rounded-xl border border-gray-200 dark:border-dark-700">
-      <div v-if="loading" class="px-4 py-8 text-center text-sm text-gray-500">加载中...</div>
-      <div v-else-if="!hasData" class="px-4 py-8 text-center text-sm text-gray-500">暂无系统日志</div>
+      <div v-if="loading" class="px-4 py-8 text-center text-sm text-gray-500">Loading...</div>
+      <div v-else-if="!hasData" class="px-4 py-8 text-center text-sm text-gray-500">No system logs</div>
       <div v-else class="overflow-auto">
         <table class="min-w-full table-fixed divide-y divide-gray-200 dark:divide-dark-700">
           <thead class="bg-gray-50 dark:bg-dark-900">
             <tr>
-              <th class="w-[170px] px-3 py-2 text-left text-[11px] font-semibold text-gray-500">时间</th>
-              <th class="w-[80px] px-3 py-2 text-left text-[11px] font-semibold text-gray-500">级别</th>
-              <th class="px-3 py-2 text-left text-[11px] font-semibold text-gray-500">日志详细信息</th>
+              <th class="w-[170px] px-3 py-2 text-left text-[11px] font-semibold text-gray-500">Time</th>
+              <th class="w-[80px] px-3 py-2 text-left text-[11px] font-semibold text-gray-500">Level</th>
+              <th class="px-3 py-2 text-left text-[11px] font-semibold text-gray-500">Log Details</th>
             </tr>
           </thead>
           <tbody class="divide-y divide-gray-100 dark:divide-dark-800">
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/auth/DingTalkCallbackView.vue b/frontend/src/views/auth/DingTalkCallbackView.vue
index ffe07c4fd7..b90d4977a9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/auth/DingTalkCallbackView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/auth/DingTalkCallbackView.vue
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ const totpTempToken = ref('')
 const totpCode = ref('')
 const totpError = ref('')
 const totpUserEmailMasked = ref('')
-const providerName = '钉钉'
+const providerName = t('auth.dingtalkProviderName')
 
 const needsCreateAccount = computed(() => pendingAccountAction.value === 'create_account')
 const needsChooser = computed(() => pendingAccountAction.value === 'choose_account_action')
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/auth/LoginView.vue b/frontend/src/views/auth/LoginView.vue
index 52f3cfef3d..be74f6186a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/auth/LoginView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/auth/LoginView.vue
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ function rejectLoginAgreement(): void {
   localStorage.removeItem(LOGIN_AGREEMENT_STORAGE_KEY)
   agreementAccepted.value = false
   showAgreementModal.value = false
-  appStore.showWarning('未同意最新条款前，无法输入账号密码或使用快捷登录。')
+  appStore.showWarning(t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.loginRejectedWarning'))
 }
 
 // ==================== Turnstile Handlers ====================
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ function validateForm(): boolean {
   let isValid = true
 
   if (agreementGateActive.value) {
-    appStore.showWarning('请先阅读并同意最新条款后再登录。')
+    appStore.showWarning(t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.loginRequiredWarning'))
     if (loginAgreementMode.value !== 'checkbox') {
       showAgreementModal.value = true
     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/auth/RegisterView.vue b/frontend/src/views/auth/RegisterView.vue
index a88acdbf3c..b4a7a60096 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/auth/RegisterView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/auth/RegisterView.vue
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ function rejectLoginAgreement(): void {
   localStorage.removeItem(LOGIN_AGREEMENT_STORAGE_KEY)
   agreementAccepted.value = false
   showAgreementModal.value = false
-  appStore.showWarning('未同意最新条款前，无法注册或使用快捷登录。')
+  appStore.showWarning(t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.registerRejectedWarning'))
 }
 
 // ==================== Promo Code Validation ====================
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ function validateForm(): boolean {
   let isValid = true
 
   if (agreementGateActive.value) {
-    appStore.showWarning('请先阅读并同意最新条款后再注册。')
+    appStore.showWarning(t('legal.loginAgreementPrompt.registerRequiredWarning'))
     if (loginAgreementMode.value !== 'checkbox') {
       showAgreementModal.value = true
     }
diff --git a/frontend/src/views/user/CustomPageView.vue b/frontend/src/views/user/CustomPageView.vue
index 4a52029537..00a133eb09 100644
--- a/frontend/src/views/user/CustomPageView.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/views/user/CustomPageView.vue
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
             class="toc-sidebar"
           >
             <div class="toc-header">
-              <span class="toc-title">目录</span>
+              <span class="toc-title">{{ t('customPage.tableOfContents') }}</span>
               <button class="toc-close-btn" @click="tocVisible = false">
                 <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M15 18l-6-6 6-6"/></svg>
               </button>
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
             @click="tocVisible = true"
           >
             <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 12h18M3 6h18M3 18h18"/></svg>
-            <span class="ml-1 text-xs">目录</span>
+            <span class="ml-1 text-xs">{{ t('customPage.tableOfContents') }}</span>
           </button>
 
           <!-- Content -->
@@ -317,16 +317,16 @@ function injectCopyButtons() {
     if (pre.querySelector('.copy-btn')) return
     const btn = document.createElement('button')
     btn.className = 'copy-btn'
-    btn.textContent = '复制'
+    btn.textContent = t('customPage.copyCode')
     btn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
       const code = pre.querySelector('code')?.textContent ?? pre.textContent ?? ''
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(code)
-        btn.textContent = '已复制 ✓'
-        setTimeout(() => { btn.textContent = '复制' }, 2000)
+        btn.textContent = t('customPage.copiedCode')
+        setTimeout(() => { btn.textContent = t('customPage.copyCode') }, 2000)
       } catch {
-        btn.textContent = '失败'
-        setTimeout(() => { btn.textContent = '复制' }, 2000)
+        btn.textContent = t('customPage.copyCodeFailed')
+        setTimeout(() => { btn.textContent = t('customPage.copyCode') }, 2000)
       }
     })
     pre.style.position = 'relative'